John Howard (died 1437): Difference between revisions

==Career==

==Career==

By 1380 Howard was married to an heiress and had been knighted by March 1387, when he served at sea in the fleet commanded by [[Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel|Richard FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel]] that fought the French and their allies at the [[Battle of Margate]]. In 1389, both his father and his father-in-law died, bringing him most of the paternal lands and those inherited by his wife, which he retained for life when she died in 1391. These estates gave him not only a considerable income but also local influence.

By 1380 Howard was married to an heiress and had been knighted by March 1387, when he served at sea in the fleet commanded by [[Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel|Richard FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel]] that fought the French and their allies at the [[Battle of Margate]]. In 1389, both his father and his father-in-law died, bringing him most of the paternal lands and those inherited by his wife, which he retained for life when she died in 1391. These estates gave him not only a considerable income but also local influence.

In 1394, Howard was appointed a member of the [[Royal household|royal household]], serving in the English expedition that year against Ireland. In 1397, by which time he had married another heiress, he was made a [[justice of the peace]] (JP) for both [[Suffolk]] and [[Essex]] and in September was elected a [[Member of Parliament|Member]] (MP) of the [[Parliament of England]] for [[Essex (UK Parliament constituency)|Essex]]. This Parliament was used by King [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] to penalise his opponents and, on behalf of the Crown, Howard was empowered to seize the estates of rebel nobles and to collect large fines from the dissident counties of Essex and Hertfordshire. He then accompanied the King on his second expedition to Ireland in 1399.

In 1394, Howard was appointed a member of the [[royal household]], serving in the English expedition that year against Ireland. In 1397, by which time he had married another heiress, he was made a [[justice of the peace]] (JP) for both [[Suffolk]] and [[Essex]] and in September was elected a [[Member of Parliament|Member]] (MP) of the [[Parliament of England]] for [[Essex (UK Parliament constituency)|Essex]]. This Parliament was used by King [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] to penalise his opponents and, on behalf of the Crown, Howard was empowered to seize the estates of rebel nobles and to collect large fines from the dissident counties of Essex and Hertfordshire. He then accompanied the King on his second expedition to Ireland in 1399.

Howard’s position in the royal household was not renewed under the new reign of King [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]], but he continued to sit as a JP and serve on royal commissions. He served the first of two terms as [[High Sheriff of Essex|High Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire]] in 1400, during which he was summoned to the [[Magnum Concilium|Great Council]] of August 1401, and was [[High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire|High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire]] in both 1401 and 1402. In 1407 he returned to [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] as MP for [[Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Cambridgeshire]].

Howard’s position in the royal household was not renewed under the new reign of King [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]], but he continued to sit as a JP and serve on royal commissions. He served the first of two terms as [[High Sheriff of Essex|High Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire]] in 1400, during which he was summoned to the [[Magnum Concilium|Great Council]] of August 1401, and was [[High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire|High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire]] in both 1401 and 1402. In 1407 he returned to [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] as MP for [[Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Cambridgeshire]].

In 1408, Howard’s wife’s father died, and she inherited his lands.{{cn|date=April 2025}} Chosen again as Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire in 1414, he was involved in preparations for the first expedition to France of the new King, [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]. In 1420 he was in a feud in [[Suffolk]] with the influential MP Thomas Kerdiston, which [[Thomas Erpingham]] reported to the [[Privy Council]], but by 1422 was sufficiently in favour locally to be elected [[Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)|Suffolk]]’s MP.

In 1408, Howard’s wife’s father died, and she inherited his lands.{{|date=April 2025}} Chosen again as Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire in 1414, he was involved in preparations for the first expedition to France of the new King, [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]. In 1420 he was in a feud in [[Suffolk]] with the influential MP Thomas Kerdiston, which [[Thomas Erpingham]] reported to the [[Privy Council]], but by 1422 was sufficiently in favour locally to be elected [[Suffolk (UK Parliament constituency)|Suffolk]]’s MP.

After sitting in this third Parliament, and following the death of his second wife in 1426, Howard took less part in local administration, though continuing as a JP and on royal commissions. In February 1436, he was asked to contribute 100 marks to the cost of the [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Duke of York]]’s [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York#France (1436–1437)|expedition to France]].

After sitting in this third Parliament, and following the death of his second wife in 1426, Howard took less part in local administration, though continuing as a JP and on royal commissions. In February 1436, he was asked to contribute 100 marks to the cost of the [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Duke of York]]’s [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York#France (1436–1437)|expedition to France]].

Howard then went on pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]], where he died in [[Jerusalem]] on 17 November 1437. His remains were brought back to England and buried beside his second wife at [[Stoke-by-Nayland]].

Howard then went on pilgrimage to the [[Holy Land]], where he died in [[Jerusalem]] on 17 November 1437. His remains were brought back to England and buried beside his second wife at [[Stoke-by-Nayland]].

:*[[Robert Howard (knight)|Robert Howard]] (died 1436), who also predeceased his father, having in 1420 married Margaret de Mowbray (died 1459), the daughter and heiress of [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]], by whom he had three children, including:

:*[[Robert Howard (knight)|Robert Howard]] (died 1436), who also predeceased his father, having in 1420 married Margaret de Mowbray (died 1459), the daughter and heiress of [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]], by whom he had three children, including:

::*[[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk]], eldest son and heir.

::*[[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk]], eldest son and heir.

:*Henry Howard (died 1446), who married Mary Hussy, the daughter of Sir Henry Hussey, Knight, of Harting, Sussex. Henry inherited the manors of Sprottisland, Burhous and Terrington from his mother. He was murdered in 1446.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgwNtwAACAAJ&q=The+Fifteenth+Century+X:+Parliament,+Personalities+and+Power|title=The Fifteenth Century X: Parliament, Personalities and Power. Papers Presented to Linda S. Clark |last=Ross |first=J. A. |publisher=Boydell and Brewer |year=2011 |isbn=9781843836926 |editor-last=Kleineke |editor-first=H. |location=Woodbridge |chapter=”Mischieviously Slewen”: John, Lord Scrope, the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the Murder of Henry Howard in 1446}}

:*Henry Howard (died 1446), who married Mary Hussy, the daughter of Sir Henry Hussey, Knight, of Harting, Sussex. Henry inherited the manors of Sprottisland, Burhous and Terrington from his mother. He was murdered in 1446.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgwNtwAACAAJ&q=The+Fifteenth+Century+X:+Parliament,+Personalities+and+Power|title=The Fifteenth Century X: Parliament, Personalities and Power. Papers Presented to Linda S. Clark |last=Ross |first=J. A. |publisher=Boydell and Brewer |year=2011 |isbn=9781843836926 |editor-last=Kleineke |editor-first=H. |location=Woodbridge |chapter=”Mischieviously Slewen”: John, Lord Scrope, the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the Murder of Henry Howard in 1446}}

==Landholdings and succession==

==Landholdings and succession==

==References==

==References==

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, John}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Howard, John}}

Medieval English landholder

Sir John Howard (c. 1366–1437), of Wiggenhall and East Winch, in Norfolk, England, was a landowner, soldier, courtier, administrator and politician. His grandson was John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, the great-grandfather of two queens, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, two of the six wives of King Henry VIII.^[1]

Born in about 1366, Howard was the son and heir of Robert Howard and Margaret Scales, daughter of Robert de Scales, Baron Scales and Katherine d’Ufford, a daughter and eventual heiress of Robert d’Ufford, Earl of Suffolk. His grandfather, John Howard (died 1364), had served as Admiral of the Northern Fleet from 1335 to 1337.^[1]

By 1380 Howard was married to an heiress and had been knighted by March 1387, when he served at sea in the fleet commanded by Richard FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel that fought the French and their allies at the Battle of Margate. In 1389, both his father and his father-in-law died, bringing him most of the paternal lands and those inherited by his wife, which he retained for life when she died in 1391. These estates gave him not only a considerable income but also local influence.^[1]

In 1394, Howard was appointed a member of the royal household, serving in the English expedition that year against Ireland. In 1397, by which time he had married another heiress, he was made a justice of the peace (JP) for both Suffolk and Essex and in September was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Essex. This Parliament was used by King Richard II to penalise his opponents and, on behalf of the Crown, Howard was empowered to seize the estates of rebel nobles and to collect large fines from the dissident counties of Essex and Hertfordshire. He then accompanied the King on his second expedition to Ireland in 1399.^[1]

Howard’s position in the royal household was not renewed under the new reign of King Henry IV, but he continued to sit as a JP and serve on royal commissions. He served the first of two terms as High Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire in 1400, during which he was summoned to the Great Council of August 1401, and was High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire in both 1401 and 1402. In 1407 he returned to Parliament as MP for Cambridgeshire.^[1]

In 1408, Howard’s wife’s father died, and she inherited his lands.^{[citation needed]} Chosen again as Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire in 1414, he was involved in preparations for the first expedition to France of the new King, Henry V. In 1420 he was in a feud in Suffolk with the influential MP Thomas Kerdiston, which Thomas Erpingham reported to the Privy Council, but by 1422 was sufficiently in favour locally to be elected Suffolk’s MP.^[1]

After sitting in this third Parliament, and following the death of his second wife in 1426, Howard took less part in local administration, though continuing as a JP and on royal commissions. In February 1436, he was asked to contribute 100 marks to the cost of the Duke of York’s expedition to France.

Howard then went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where he died in Jerusalem on 17 November 1437. His remains were brought back to England and buried beside his second wife at Stoke-by-Nayland.^[1]

Howard married twice:

• Firstly, in about 1380, to Margaret de Plaiz, the daughter and heiress of John de Plaiz, 5th Baron Plaiz (1342/3–1389),^[2] by his second wife Joan Stapleton, a daughter of Sir Miles Stapleton of Bedale in Yorkshire.^[1] By his first wife he had one son and heir:

• John Howard, who predeceased his father^[1] and who married Joan Walton, a daughter of John Walton of Wivenhoe, by his wife Margaret Sutton, by whom he left one daughter and sole heiress:

• Secondly, before June 1397, he married Alice Tendring (d. 18 October 1426, buried Stoke-by-Nayland^[1]), the only daughter and heiress of Sir William Tendring (died 1408), of Tendring Hall in the parish of Stoke-by-Nayland^[5] in Suffolk, by his wife Katherine Mylde (died 1402), widow of Sir Thomas Clopton of Kentwell Hall in the parish of Long Melford in Suffolk, and daughter of William Mylde, of Clare in Suffolk.^[1] By his second wife he had two sons:

• Henry Howard (died 1446), who married Mary Hussy, the daughter of Sir Henry Hussey, Knight, of Harting, Sussex. Henry inherited the manors of Sprottisland, Burhous and Terrington from his mother. He was murdered in 1446.^[6]

Through both of Howard’s parents and through his two wives, he acquired estates in several adjoining counties, among them:

After the death of Howard’s eldest son in 1409, who left an only daughter, he settled many of these properties on this granddaughter, and when she married around 1425, he assured her husband John de Vere that many more would follow. His second son then died in 1436, leaving a grandson, John Howard, as the heir to be provided for. After Howard’s death in 1437, bitter feuds over the inheritance broke out between the de Veres and the Howards,^[1] which continued into the Wars of the Roses, during which both John de Vere and John Howard lost their lives.